What is a wart?The causes of the occurrence, diagnosis and treatment methods will be analyzed in the article of a dermatologist with a 37 -year experience.
Determination of the disease.Causes of the disease
Warts-These are unequal neoplasms benign skin in the form of localized growth of the upper skin (epidermis) with papules (nodules) or plates.
The frequency of the appearance of warts in adults is 7-12 %, in children at school up to 10-20 %.
Warts are very similar to other skin neoplasms.In general, a person cannot independently determine the disease independently, therefore, to make a diagnosis, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist.
The cause of the appearance of warts is human papilloma.A variety of warts that can develop depends on the type of virus.Therefore, each type of human papillomavirus affects the fabric in the location that is more characteristic.
| VPV type | Extremely location |
Types of warts |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Feet, knees, palms, Brushes, fingers |
Subanary and Palmar Verrions, Occasionally - Simple Warts |
| 2, 4 | Hands, fingers, knees, Less frequently - steps |
Simple Warts, Occasionally - plantar, palmar and mosaic warts |
| 3, 10 | Spin, hands, face | Flat warts |
| 7 | Brushes, fingers | Butcher warts |
| 5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19-24 |
Face, hands, The body front |
Verruchimic epidermodisplasia |
The infection with a virus usually occurs on a contact route, with a direct contact of infected and healthy skin (for example, with hands -squeeze) or indirect (through handrails, toys, etc.).Therefore, it is possible to infect with the human papillomavirus in a wide variety of places: in public transport, at school, at work, houses, in places with high contact and humid environment (swimming pools, saunas, gyms).Small epidermis lesions through which viruses, as well as inflammation of skin fall, contribute to infection.
In addition, the appearance of warts contributes to:
- immunodeficiency (including HIV infection);
- warm and humid atmosphere;
- The need for professional contact with meat and fish ("butcher warts").
Some types of human papillomavirus are transmitted from parents.
But from the toads and frogs, despite the horror stories that are often afraid in childhood, it cannot be infected;This is one of the most popular myths about this disease that has no reason.
If similar symptoms are detected, consult a doctor.Do not self -medicate, it is dangerous for your health!
Wart symptoms
Depending on the type of wart, the symptoms will vary.
Ordinary Wart:
- Round dense papule of a conventional color with a size of 1-10 mm and larger.
- The surface of the papule is covered with cracks, layers.
- If the dad is on the finger, then the imprint disappears and distorts.The same applies to the drawing of the palm.
- Simple warts are both single and several pieces, they usually appear in places of greatest injury (hands, fingers, knees).
- When examining with a dermatoscope, the doctor can see small brown points, thrombited (obstructed).Patients often call such "roots" points.This is the main characteristic for the doctor: the dermatologist can distinguish a wart from other similar diseases (for example, contagious molluscs and keratomas).
Social Wart (Horn):
- The main symptom due to which the patient usually consults a doctor is pain when pressing and walking.
- These warts are generally located on the feet.
- When contacting a doctor, as a rule, an unequal keratinized plaque of the usual color is visible, although in the first stage you can see a papula still smooth.With keratinization, capillaries can only be seen if it eliminates the keratinized skin of the skin.
- The leather pattern is distorted.
- Typically, plantar warts are single, but there are 2-6 pieces;
- Often, these warts are confused with a corn (especially with dry);With this description of the problem, the problem, patients generally reach reception.
Verdada Silver (Joventura):
- Apparently, this is a round, clear and smooth papule of normal, pink or 1-5 mm brown.
- It appears in the hands, legs, very often on the face.
- There are always several of these warts: they are found in groups.
Epidermodislazia of verrucilia (senile verruga):
- Great round numerous merity neoplasias of normal, roses or brown.
- Most of the time they appear on the face, hands, the front of the body.
- It can confuse with keratoma, lichens and skin cancer.
Wart pathogenesis
If the human papilloma enters the body in a latent state for a long time, a person usually does not even know about their existence.When the factors seem favorable to the virus, it begins to "multiply" in the epithelium, which leads to a change in the tissues.
Unlike other viruses, human papilloma does not destroy epithelium cells, they die, of course, in the process of keratinization and exfoliation.
The propagation of the infection is influenced by the local factors and the state of the immune system.Then, people with HIV infection or a transplanted kidney are more subject to the development of warts.In addition, these neoplasms are often difficult to treat.With normal immunity, the virus does not affect the deepest layers of the skin, so many people have warts for themselves after a few months.
The main stage in the appearance of warts is to accelerate the division rate and cell growth with a virus.Such a rapid metabolism leads to thickening of skin layers.Since the fabrics grow in a given area, a tuber is produced, which is called the wart.
Classification and stages of the development of the wart
There is no universally recognized classification of warts.However, several frequently found varieties can be distinguished:
- Ordinary Wart- The most common type (70 % of the warts are exactly them).Such neoplasms do not feel and only cause aesthetic discomfort for a person.
- Social wart- It appears on the feet, painful, therefore, it requires treatment.The appearance of this wart is facilitated by skin lesions due to uncomfortable, narrow and rubbing shoes.
- Flat warts- More often appear in young people, teenagers.This is due to the unstable hormonal history of young people, which affects the entire body.In general, flat warts are almost invisible.
- Senile warts- Inherent to the elderly.They often appear in body parts, which is covered with clothing, but can be found on the face and hands.If there is no discomfort, it is not worth treating such warts in the elderly can take place much slower, found in young people, due to slow metabolism.
Other authors distinguish several more from this type of warts:
- Mosaic warts(HPV 2, 4) - Neoplasms in Las Palmas and Soles.They look like hyperkeratosis spotlights, that is, thickening of the skin stratum layer (usually at the front of the foot), covered with deep cracks.
- Cystic warts(HPV 60) - A very rare type of neoplasm on the foot.It is a soft knot with cracks.When opening, the white yellow discharge appears, similar to cottage cheese.
- Movie warts- The thin growth of the horn near the mouth, nose or eyes.
- WARTS "Butwers"(HPV 7) - It appears in the hands and fingers of people who are constantly in contact with flesh and fish.They are presented in the form of hypertrophied neoplasms similar to cauliflower, but normal color.
In addition, the types of warts are distinguished depending on their location.
Therefore, there are often an angular warts (tumor neoplasms that appear in the genitals (especially in skin transition places to the mucous membrane). They are usually caused by HPV 6 and 11.
Wart complications
The main reason why patients with warts go to the doctor is an aesthetic defect that can affect the quality of the patient's life, their self -awareness and develop many complexes.Complications also include cracking the surface of the wart and join the infection, and with some types of warts: pain during the walk.
In malignant neoplasms, skin warts generally do not reborn, they are quite harmless, but in very rare cases, such complication can still occur in people with oppressed immunity.
Other complications arise by trying to independently eliminate neoplasms.In this sense, inflammation and aesthetic defects can occur in the form of scars, as well as the additional spread of the skin on the skin, so a person can wake up with several new ones in the morning after the independent elimination of a wart.
Remember that under the appearance of warts you can hide a completely different disease, which cannot be determined without consulting an experienced doctor.
Water diagnosis
In general, to make a diagnosis there is enough inspection (clinical image) and a compilation history (medical history).
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor can perform a histological study: the study of neoplasia cells.
It is very important to make a differential diagnosis, to distinguish warts from other diseases.For example,Ordinary wartsIt is necessary to distinguish from the following diseases:
- Mollusco contagion- More often appears in the body and the genitals, less frequently in the hands and feet.It is a hemisphere pressed on the surface, when pressed on the sides, the whitish "goal" stands out.
- Epidermal wart- More often lonely, a person has from birth.It rises above the skin surface, often covered with hair.
- Bazalioma- A tumor in the form of a nodule roller, in the center, is covered with a crust.Inherent to the elderly.
Ladomo sustained wartsIt is necessary to distinguish from the following diseases:
- Keratoderma- Large areas of keratinization and inflammation of the skin.There are no capillaries in poor condition.
- Ladomy-Sifilids- Multiple neoplasms without pain, along the periphery, the skin is lying down.Syphilis reaction is positive.
- Corn- Usually, without pain, it can only cause pain with vertical pressing.
The doctor must also differentiate the remaining types of warts from a series of diseases.In case of suspicion of another pathology, you can prescribe additional diagnoses (for example, the identification of antibodies for viruses, TC or MRI).
Wart treatment
The treatment of warts is carried out for aesthetic purposes and to improve the patient's quality of life.It can only be prescribed by a doctor after the exam and a diagnosis with precision.The independent attempts to get rid of the wart are unacceptable, since the patient without medical education and the necessary equipment cannot determine the disease precisely, and the complications after this "treatment" occur much more than recovery.
There are several treatment methods for the treatment of warts.All of them are generally carried out under the supervision of a doctor, and some of them, only under the conditions of the clinic procedure office.
Chemical treatment methods
To get rid of the wart, applications of salicylic dairy collids and salicylic plasters are used.The percentage of drugs and the method of its use (long -term use of plasters, applications, etc.) depend on the prevalence and location of neoplasia.
You can also use circus and 2-chlorpionic acid solutions.In this case, the chemical composition is applied to the preprocessed surface, which is left in the wart to the color change (depending on the type of wart).The procedure is repeated several times after 7, 14 and 21 days.Before each procedure, the fabric is mechanically eliminated.
Another chemical method is a combination of nitrogen, acetic, oxalic, lactic acids and copper nitrate trihydrate.In this way, only relatively small neoplasms are treated, up to 5 mm.The solution is also left until the color of the wart changes.After 3-5 days, the patient reaches the control technique, if necessary, a second procedure is prescribed after 1-4 weeks.
Cryodructure
This method consists in freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen: a moistened swab presses to damaged skin (with the capture of surrounding tissues in several mm) for 1-5 minutes.The destruction of some neoplasms requires several procedures with a four -week interval.
The main inconveniences of the criodstruction are its pain and the defined effect compared to other methods in which only one procedure is sufficient to eliminate.
Electrocoagulation
Under the influence of electric current, the wart is eliminated according to the layers.Such operation is performed under local analgesics.
This method is more effective than the crio -destruction, but it has a significant negative: electrocoagulation often leaves scars in the place of elimination of the wart.For those patients who are aimed at eliminating a cosmetic defect,
This method will not be the most appropriate.
Laser destruction
With the help of a laser, warts are also eliminated in layers.The Svetoper is in contact with the skin of a few seconds to three minutes, depending on the size.Then, the crust that appeared is extracted, and the lower part of the wounds again treated with a laser.Then the patient is instructed on wound processing methods.The operation itself is carried out under the influence of local anesthesia.
Radio wave surgery
Wave radio surgery is one of the most modern and gentle methods to eliminate some benign neoplasms, including warts.
The method is based on the generation of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies: from 100 kHz to 105 MHz. During the procedure, the tissues resist the waves that pass, due to which molecular energy is released in the cells, which heats the skin.Under the influence of heat, cells are actually evaporated: an orderly incision is obtained.At the same time, there is no mechanical effort in the affected fabric.
Pros of this method:
- security;
- Rapid wound healing;
- Good cosmetic effect: scars and excluded scars;
- Relative pain: a local analgesic is used before mini-operation;
- Exclusion of secondary infection due to the automatic disinfection of the electrode when the device is activated.
The effectiveness of this method is recognized throughout the world, however, it is quite difficult to find a clinic in which the radio wave surgery method is used.
What is the treatment method to choose from?
All these methods have several disadvantages:
- In the first weeks, the operated area has an unattractive appearance: scabs, darkening of fabrics.This should be taken into account if warts are in visible parts of the body (for example, on the face).
- An unpleasant smell and a certain degree of pain during surgery.
In addition, each of these methods has contraindications that must be found in the preliminary consultation of a dermatologist.
But the main main one isHigh probability of relapse, especially if the warts were common, extensive.With each of these methods, doctors do not fight against the root cause of the disease, but with its consequences, since todayThe human papillomavirus cannot be cured.
Therefore, therapy is directed:
- or the destruction of the neoplasms that arise at the site of the introduction of the virus;
- or to stimulate an antiviral immune response;
- or in the combination of these approaches.
Most of the time, destructive treatment methods are used.Its effectiveness reaches 50-80 %.
For surgical treatment methods, the age of children is generally not a contraindication.Therefore, many of them (including radio wave surgery) are used to treat warts in children.An exception is the chemical elimination of warts due to the possibility of adverse reactions to the substance.
What to do after surgery
After any of these operations, be sure to follow the recommendations of the attending physician.
After eliminating the neoplasia of any of the methods presented, the doctor generally prescribes the processing of the elimination place.It is forbidden to independently eliminate the "scabs", wet the wound and expose it to direct sunlight.
If the patient constantly suffers from warts, then he should consult an immunologist, he may require pharmacological therapy, which will increase the resistance of immunity to manifestations of human papilloma.
Forecast.Prevention
If the patient does not have immunodeficiency, then the warts can pass on their own, but this will need a lot of time, from several months to several years.Then, in 65 % of cases, warts go back independently for two years.If two years later, the wart is still in place, it is recommended to eliminate it.It is recommended to eliminate multiple neoplasms immediately.
With normal immunity and the properly selected elimination method (depending on the size and type of wart), it is possible to eliminate the pathogen and achieve a good cosmetic effect.With a reduced immunity and other predisposing factors, the human papillomavirus causes relapses.
The specific prevention of the disease does not exist.But is it so inevitable?
It can reduce the probability of a virus if it follows several rules:
- Do not go barefoot in public places where it is possible to hurt the skin and infect with a virus (pools, public showers, gyms).
- Choose high quality shoes, change it more frequently.Try your legs to dry.Heat and humidity are an excellent environment for the spread of human papillomavirus.
- To avoid sponsorship warts, go to manicure only to certified teachers and make sure they use sterile tools.
For the prevention of anogenital warts, according to WHO (World Health Organization), a four -glorious vaccine of the human papillomavirus is also highly effective.For the prevention of other types of warts, vaccines currently do not exist.
If you find a wart, do not try to burn it, cut it on your own, cut it, so you can contribute to inflammation and an additional resettlement of the skin virus.After such "removal" instead of a wart in the morning, you can wake up with ten.